Strong EvidenceSalicylic Acid
Salicylic Acid
Oil-soluble BHA exfoliant
Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) used widely in cosmetic formulations. It is oil-soluble, allowing it to penetrate into pores.
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Formulation Directory
Ingredient Intelligence
Understand the ingredients behind skincare.
Explore what common skincare ingredients are, how they are used, and what research says about their role in skincare formulations.
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Key Actives
Featured Ingredients
Foundational cosmetic ingredients studied for efficacy and safety
Strong EvidenceNiacinamide
Niacinamide
Vitamin B3 for multiple skin benefits
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble vitamin with a wide range of studied cosmetic applications.
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Moderate EvidenceZinc PCA
Zinc PCA
Sebum-regulating zinc salt
Zinc PCA is a zinc salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), a natural moisturising factor found in skin.
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Strong EvidenceCeramides NP/AP/EOP/EOS
Ceramides
Barrier-restoring lipids
Ceramides are lipid molecules that make up approximately 50% of the skin barrier. They are naturally present in the stratum corneum.
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Strong EvidencePanthenol
Panthenol
Pro-vitamin B5 humectant
Panthenol (Pro-vitamin B5) is converted to pantothenic acid in the skin. It is widely used in cosmetics for its humectant and soothing properties.
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Strong EvidenceSodium Hyaluronate
Hyaluronic Acid
Hydrating polysaccharide
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found throughout the body. In cosmetics, sodium hyaluronate (its sodium salt) is typically used.
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Complete A–Z Ingredient Directory
Full cosmetic ingredient reference index
Evidence Standards: Ingredient descriptions reflect cosmetic literature, peer-reviewed dermatological studies, and formulation science. We do not claim any single ingredient cures, treats, or permanently alters skin diseases. Individual skin tolerance varies.